Questões de Concursos Públicos - Inglês

Subordination complexifies sentences by establishing dependency relationships, often involving mood shifts and alternative syntactic structures like inversion. Select the option that correctly rewrites "If I had known about the meeting, I would have attended" using conditional inversion without a conjunction. 

Textual genres are defined by their communicative purpose, structure, and register, while text types focus on the rhetorical mode of discourse. Regarding the distinction between expository and argumentative text types, judge the items as True (T) or False (F): (__) Expository texts aim primarily to inform, explain, or describe a subject to the reader without necessarily persuading them. (__) Argumentative texts must strictly avoid subjective modalities, evaluative adjectives, or first-person pronouns. (__) Editorials fall primarily under the expository category as they objectively report facts without taking a stance. (__) Academic essays typically combine the exposition of facts with the argumentation of a specific thesis or viewpoint. The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is: 

Lexico-grammar involves the interdependence of vocabulary and syntax, often manifesting in fixed or semi-fixed expressions known as binomials. Analyze the following assertions regarding irreversible binomials and their semantic or phonological constraints: I. In the expression "odds and ends," the word order is fixed and cannot be reversed to "ends and odds" without losing idiomaticity. II. The expression "back and forth" implies a movement, whereas "forth and back" is the standard form used in formal British English. III. Reversing binomials like "bread and butter" to "butter and bread" is grammatically incorrect and disrupts the semantic unity. Select the correct analysis:

The voice system allows the speaker to adjust the focus of the proposition, but some verbs bridge the gap between active and passive, known as ergative or labile verbs. Analyze the assertions regarding ergative verbs in English syntax: I. In the sentence "The window broke," the verb functions intransitively with a passive meaning, despite having active morphology and no explicit agent. II. Ergative verbs require an agent in the subject position to be grammatically correct in the active voice. III. "The book reads well" is an example of a middle voice construction where the grammatical subject undergoes the action. Select the correct analysis:

A Morfologia trata dos processos de formação de palavras, nos quais prefixos e sufixos alteram o significado ou a classe gramatical (afixos que mudam de classe versus afixos que mantêm a classe). Quanto à morfologia derivacional, julgue as afirmativas a seguir como Verdadeiras (V) ou Falsas (F): (__) O sufixo "-ment" é um afixo que muda a classe gramatical, normalmente transformando verbos em substantivos (por exemplo, develop → development). (__) O prefixo "un-" altera a classe gramatical da palavra-base (por exemplo, transformando um adjetivo em verbo). (__) O sufixo "-ize" (ou "-ise") é utilizado para derivar verbos a partir de substantivos ou adjetivos (por exemplo, modern → modernize). (__) Em inglês, os prefixos geralmente alteram a classe da palavra, enquanto os sufixos geralmente alteram apenas o significado. A sequência correta de cima para baixo é:

Os verbos multi-palavra são classificados de acordo com seu comportamento sintático quanto à posição do objeto e à natureza da partícula. Analise as assertivas a seguir sobre a sintaxe dos phrasal verbs e dos prepositional verbs: I. "Look forward to" é um verbo phrasal-prepositional de três partes e é inseparável, de modo que o objeto deve ocorrer após a cadeia de partículas. II. No phrasal verb "turn on" (transitivo e separável), quando o objeto é um pronome (por exemplo, it), ele deve ser colocado entre o verbo e a partícula. III. Prepositional verbs como "rely on" permitem que o objeto seja colocado antes da preposição (por exemplo, rely it on) para dar ênfase. Está correto o que se afirma em: 

Cohesion is achieved through grammatical and lexical devices that link parts of a text, establishing semantic unity through reference direction. Identify the alternative that presents a clear case of cataphoric reference, where the pronoun precedes its specific referent. 

The internal structure of noun phrases often involves complex modification by adjective phrases and specific pronominal constraints. Analyze the following assertions regarding syntax and usage constraints of adjectives and pronouns: I. In the phrase "The person responsible for the damage," the adjective must follow the noun because it is post-modified by a prepositional phrase. II. "Between you and I" is the prescriptively correct form for the object of a preposition in standard English grammar. III. Adjectives ending in -ble or -ible often follow the noun when the noun is modified by a superlative (e.g., "the best hotel available"). Select the correct analysis:

Reading comprehension requires distinguishing between literal information and inferential reasoning based on cohesive ties and reference. Considering the sentence "The heavy rain caused a flood, which destroyed the bridge," judge the statements as True (T) or False (F): (__) The relative pronoun "which" refers to the entire preceding clause (the fact that rain caused a flood). (__) It can be inferred that the bridge was destroyed directly by the rain drops, not by the resulting flood. (__) This structure is an example of a sentential relative clause, providing a comment on the whole situation. (__) The pronoun "which" could be grammatically replaced by "that" in this specific non-restrictive context. The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is:

Adverbial phrases provide circumstantial information, and their specific placement at the beginning of a sentence can trigger syntactic changes like subject-auxiliary inversion. Analyze the assertions below regarding negative adverbials and inversion: I. Fronting negative adverbials like "Under no circumstances" or "Seldom" requires subject-auxiliary inversion (e.g., "should you go"). II. Adverbials of frequency always trigger inversion when placed at the beginning of the sentence (e.g., "Sometimes go I"). III. "Little did he know" is a fixed phrase exemplifying negative inversion used for dramatic or emphatic effect. Select the correct analysis: